1. Ayodhya Verdict (2019)

Details: Resolved the contentious dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid site.

  • Outcome: The disputed land was awarded for a Ram temple; a separate 5-acre plot was allotted for a mosque.
  • Impact: Demonstrated judicial capability in addressing sensitive religious matters while maintaining national harmony.

2. Right to Privacy Judgment (2017)

Case: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs Union of India.

  • Verdict: Recognized privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21.
  • Impact: Influences policies related to digital data, surveillance, and personal liberty.

3. Decriminalization of Section 377 (2018)

  • Outcome: Decriminalized homosexuality, striking down parts of Section 377 of the IPC.
  • Impact: Landmark victory for LGBTQ+ rights, ensuring equality and personal liberty.

4. Vishaka Guidelines (1997)

  • Case: Vishaka and others vs State of Rajasthan.
  • Details: Established mandatory guidelines to prevent workplace sexual harassment, later codified in the POSH Act, 2013.
  • Impact: Pioneered workplace safety for women in India.

5. S.R. Bommai Case (1994)

Details: Strengthened democracy by limiting arbitrary dismissal of state governments under Article 356.

  • Verdict: Judicial review required for such dismissals.
  • Impact: Reinforced federalism and safeguarded state autonomy.

6. Maneka Gandhi Case (1978)

Case: Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India.

  • Details: Expanded the scope of Article 21 to include personal liberty, dignity, and fair procedure.
  • Impact: Ensured laws must pass the test of fairness and non-arbitrariness.


7. Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)

Details: Introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine to prevent unconstitutional amendments to the Constitution.

  • Impact: Protected the core democratic principles of the Indian Constitution.

8. Judges Transfer Case (1981)

Details: S.P. Gupta vs Union of India established judicial independence in appointments and transfers.

  • Outcome: Led to the evolution of the collegium system, reducing political interference.

9. Right to Constitutional Remedies (1950)

Details: Article 32 allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly for protection of fundamental rights.

  • Impact: Acts as a lifeline for democracy, empowering citizens to seek justice.

10. Establishment of the Supreme Court (1950)

Details: Formally inaugurated on January 28, 1950.

  • Impact: Became the apex court and protector of constitutional values, ensuring justice for all.